For centuries, ceramic materials were used exclusively for tableware and building materials. In the mid-19th century, technical development in refractories and abrasives enabled the development of modern metallurgy and glass industries and became the first industrial application for ceramics.

Hybrid coatings combine the attributes of both organic and inorganic coatings in the same system.

From sonar and ultrasound to cancer treatments, piezoelectric ceramics make many high-tech applications possible.